Die Apostolische Nachfolge
Die Apostolische Nachfolge |
| von Martin Wolters
|
The history of the catholic church in China reaches back to the year 1307, when Khanbaliq archdiocese, today's Beijing, was erected. After the diocese's falldown in 1483 it lasted up to 1690 respective 1660, that Portugal established the dioceses of Peking and Nanking. From 1840 onwards the Holy See founded apostolic vicariates in Tibet and in Mongolia. To contain Portugal's influence, Pius IX abolished Peking as well as Nanking diocese in 1856 and substituted them with an increasing number of apostolic vicariates, which were administered by missionaries of numerous religious orders and many different home countries. It lasted up to Pius XII on April 11, 1946, to establish the regular hierarchy by rising the vicariates to dioceses. In the 1920s the first contemporary Chinese born bishops were consecrated, and Thomas Tian Gengxin became the first Chinese cardinal in the consistory of 1946, but the church remained under the overwhelming influence of external missionaries. After proclaiming the People's Republic of China in 1949, missionary activities were forbidden; external members of religious orders were - often after several years of imprisonment - deported, and also the Chinese born clergy often was not able to obey the pastoral duties. Therefore, in fact most dioceses and apostolic prefectures became vacant. In 1951, Anton Pott, S. V. D., of Xinyang was the last missionary bishop to be appointed, but he never was able to be consecrated and left for Taiwan. In 1952, Pius XII elected with Joseph Wang Cizhang, O. F. M., of Hengyang the last official bishop possible, while Humilis Yang Guang-qi of Yuci, who was appointed in 1955, was not able to be consecrated any more. Because of this desperate situation, which was intensified by the fact the government forbid the few remaing Chinese bishops, who were able to do their restricted service, any contact to "foreign powers", i. e. the Vatican, some of them decided to consecrate new bishops without approval of the Holy See to allow a religious survival. With Li De-hua on March 7, 1958, a long consecration line without papal mandate started. Archbishop Pi Shu-shi, who consecrated at least twenty-six prelates, was considered excommunicated therefore for several years. These consecrations ended in 1963 due to increasing governmental pressure. Free religious life diminished completely during the years of cultural revolution from 1966 up to Mao's death in 1976, and a lot of bishops, priests and lay people were imprisoned or lost their life.
Michael Fu Tie-shan, first Bishop after the Cultural Revolution Very remarkable therefore was the first consecration which took place in Beijing in 1979. Against the Holy See's sharp protests, Michael Fu Tien-shan became bishop by Michael Yang Gao-jian and got in charge for Beijing Diocese. At the same time the Church started to become organized by the Patriotic Association. To lay down the hierarchical status, from then onwards there were no archbishops or ecclesiastical provinces any more, but equal bishops chosen by people and priests. On the other hand stood catholics loyal to Rome, who were led by their own, clandestine consecrated bishops. Therefore, soon several dioceses had two reigning bishops at the same time; often the decision whether "patriotic" or "Roman" is impossible, because some bishops changed the sides or, more often in the most recent time, bishops were recognized by both parties. A first, onesided attempt of reconciliazation took place in 1981, when St. John Paul II elected titular bishop and Apostolic Administrator of Guangzhou, Dominic Deng Yiming, S. I., who was in charge since 1950 and imprisoned for long years, as regular Archbishop of Guangzhou - the very first appointment after nearly thirty years. This step had as consequence the total negation of Deng by the patriotic movement which up to then had appreciated him deeply. He was not able to take over his office and had to go in Hong Kong exile.
Anthony Li Duan, Archbishop of Xi'an, one of the Delegates to the Bishops Synod 2005 The following bishop's consecrations took place since 1958; details about the first two ones are not known: 00.00.0000
Shi Guangdong, by N. N. 00.00.0000
Wang Feili, by N. N. 00.00.1958
Paul Xi Minhuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 00.00.1958
Joseph Zhou Yi-zhai, by Dong Wen-long 13.04.1958
Bernardin Dong Guangqing, by Joseph Li Daonan 13.04.1958
Marc Yuan Wen-hua, by Joseph Li Taonan 20.04.1958
Stanislav Chang Sou-yi, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 20.04.1958
Lan Bo-lu, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 20.04.1958
Pan Shao-qing, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 20.04.1958
Lucas Wang Shou-qian, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 01.06.1958
Dong Wen-long, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 01.06.1958
Henry Jia Fu-shan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 01.06.1958
Charles Li Ming-yuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 01.06.1958
Joseph Zhong Huai-de, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 15.06.1958
Chen Yuencai, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua 15.06.1958
Paul Kong Ling-zhong, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua (?) 22.06.1958
Zhao You-min, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 06.07.1958
John Li Xi-ting, by Matthew Duan Yinmin (?) 20.07.1958
John Wang Qi-wei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 09.10.1958
Chen Du-qing, by John Wang Qi-wei 09.10.1958
Hu Qin-ming, by John Wang Qi-wei 09.10.1958
Huang Shu, by John Wang Qi-wei 26.10.1958
Tarcisius Guo Ze-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.10.1958
James Li Shu-ren, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.10.1958
Louis Li Zhen-lin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.10.1958
Xiong De-lian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.10.1958
Michael Yang Gao-jian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 00.00.1959
Wang Ju-guang, by Mathew Duan Yinmin 26.03.1959
John Li Sheng-xue, by Joseph Li Boyu 26.05.1959
(?) Peter Wang Rui-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 31.05.1959
Mathew Wang Wei-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 01.07.1959
(?) Joseph Yao Guang-yu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.07.1959
Anthony Tu Shi-hua, by Joseph Li Daonan 15.08.1959
Paul Francis Zhang Ming-qian, by Bernardin Dong Guang-qing 15.11.1959
John Li Wei-guang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 15.11.1959
Thomas Qian Yurong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 15.11.1959
Shen Chu-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 15.11.1959
Matthew Yu Cheng-cai, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 00.00.1960
Zhou Qingyun, by N. N. 26.04.1960
Fang Zhigang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.04.1960
Shu Qi-shui, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.04.1960
Matthew Wu Guo-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 26.04.1960
Louis Zhang Jia-shu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 30.04.1960
Zhang Ri-jin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 00.05.1960
Nicholas Shi Lunguo, by Dong Wen-long 21.01.1962
Anthony Gao Yong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
Stephan He Chunming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
Li De-hua, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
Joseph Lin Quan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
Andrew Liu An-zhi, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
John Xia Xue-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 21.01.1962
Joseph Ye Yin-yun, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi 31.03.1963
Shi Ming-liang, by Paul Deng Jizhou 07.04.1963
Fan Dao-jiang, by John Li Xi-Ting 14.05.1963
Paul Li De-pei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng 21.12.1979
Michael Fu Tie-shan, by Michael Yang Gao-jian 00.00.1980
(?) Thomas Min Doumu, by Julius Jia Zhiguo (?) 25.04.1980
Lucas Li Jingfeng, by Anthony Zhou Wei-dao 19.12.1980
Julius Jia Zhiguo, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 00.00.1981
Joseph Jin Dechen, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 21.01.1981
Casimir Wang Milu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 20.04.1981
Paul Zhang Chengguo, by N. N. 16.06.1981
Francis Zhou Shanfu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 24.07.1981
Matthew Ma Long-lin, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 24.07.1981
Joseph Qian Hui-min, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 24.07.1981
Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 24.07.1981
Augustine Zhao Jingnong, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 24.07.1981
Paul Zu Zhenjiang, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 27.09.1981
John Cai Ti-yuan, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 27.09.1981
Peter Paul Li Panshi, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 19.10.1981
Lucas Thomas Zhang Huaixin, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 10.12.1981
Bartholomew Yu Chengti, by Casimir Wang Milu 18.12.1981
John Ji Huairang, by Francis Zhong Huai-de 2...12.1981
Peter Fan Wenxing, by Chang Shou-yi 21.12.1981
Paul John Liu Jinghe, by Stanislav Chang Shou-yi 21.12.1981
Simon Liu Zhong-yu, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 00.00.1982
John Qu Jingfeng, by N. N. 11.01.1982
Stanislaus Min Xilian, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 25.01.1982
Paul Fan Yufei, by Anthony Zhou Weidao 12.02.1982
Joseph Sun Yuanmo, by Francis Han Tingbi 17.02.1982
Paul Song Wei-li, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 02.03.1982
Matthew Lu Zhengshen, by Bartholomew Yu Chengti 20.04.1982
Peter Chen Jianzhang, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 06.05.1982
Andrew Han Jindao, by N. N. 18.05.1982
Paul Liu Shuhe, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu 15.06.1982
Joseph Stephen Li Side, by Paul Liu Shuhe 15.06.1982
Melchior Shi Hongzhen, by Paul Liu Shuhe 24.06.1982
Cosmas Shi Enxiang, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu 21.07.1982
Anthony Li Weidao, by Francis Han Ting-pi 25.07.1982
Peter Liu Guandong, by Francis Zhou Shanfu 11.08.1982
Joseph Shi Hongzhen, by Joseph Li Side 23.09.1982
Augustin Zheng Shouduo, by Francis Han Tingbi 06.10.1982
John Liu Dinghan, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 10.10.1982
Roch Liu Dian-chi, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 18.12.1982
Benedict Bonaventure Zhangxin, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 30.12.1982
Michael Xiao Liren, by Casimir Wang Milu 00.00.1983
John Liu Dinghan, sub conditione by Stephen Li Side 09.03.1983
Raymond Wang Chong Lin, by Casimir Wang Milu 16.03.1983
Stephen Li Xinzheng, by Casimir Wang Milu 08.04.1983
Paul Li Zhenrong, by Casimir Wang Milu 08.11.1983
Joseph Ma Zhongmu, by Casimir Wang Milu 00.00.1984
Joseph Zhu Yousan, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 18.01.1984
Odoric Victor Liu Hede, by Stephen Li Xinzheng (?) 18.01.1984
Anthony Yang Shao-huai, by Stephen Li Xinzheng 25.01.1984
James Xie Shiguang, by Stephen Li Xinzheng 24.03.1984
Joseph Meng Ziwen, by Matthew Lu Zhengshen 00.06.1984
John Baptist Ye Yishi, by James Xie Shiguang 27.07.1984
Joseph Li Congzhe, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 14.09.1984
Andrew Hao Jinli, by Melchior Zhang Kexin (?) 09.01.1985
Vincent Huang Shoucheng, by Paul Liu Shuhe 27.01.1985
Aloysius Jin Luxian, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 27.01.1985
Stephen Li Side, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 26.02.1985
Joseph Fan Zhongliang, by Matthew Lu Zhen Sheng 14.06.1985
John Chen Shizhong, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 22.09.1985
John Li Xue-song, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 03.03.1986
Peter Zhang Bairen, by Matthew Lu Zhensheng 29.04.1986
Peter Chen Bolu, by Francis Han Tingbi 30.11.1986
Joseph Huang Zi-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 30.11.1986
Louis Yu Runshen, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 30.11.1986
Peter Zhang Shi-zhi, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 30.11.1986
Joseph Zhu Hua-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 00.00.1987
Augustinus Hu Daguo, by Peter Fan Xueyan 10.02.1987
John Yang Shudao, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 15.03.1987
Philipp Ma Qi, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin 29.03.1987
Paul Shi Chunjie, by Stephen Li Xinzheng 05.04.1987
Anthony Li Duan, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin 31.05.1987
Philip Xu Lizhi, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de 09.08.1987
Joseph Zhong Huaide, by Lucas Li Jingfeng 06.09.1987
John Wu Shizhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 10.09.1987
Peter Li Hongye, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 08.12.1987
Simon Qu Tian-xi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 08.12.1987
Anthony Wang Zicheng, by Joseph Zhong huaide 28.03.1988
Matthew Chen Muchen, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 24.04.1988
Samuel Guo Chuanzhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 24.04.1988
Paul Han Xi-rang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 24.04.1988
Joseph Ma Xuesheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 24.04.1988
Joseph Sun Zhibin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 24.04.1988
James Zhao Ziping, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 12.08.1988
Philip Yang Libo, by Julius Jia Zhiguo 16.10.1988
Zhang Hualiang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 27.11.1988
John Zhou Fengqing, by Aloysius Jin Lu-xian 04.12.1988
Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 00.00.1989
Thomas Gao Yuchen, by N. N. 07.05.1989
Anthony Zhong Quanzhang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 17.05.1989
Paul Guo Wenzhi, by Paul Liu Shuhe 21.05.1989
Paul Jiang Taoran, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 21.05.1989
Pius Jin Peixian, by Joseph Zhong Hiaide 29.06.1989
John Jiang Liren, by Peter Liu Guandong 29.06.1989
Matthew Pei Xiangde, by Peter Liu Guandong 30.06.1989
Joseph Li Bingyao, by Peter Liu Guandong 21.07.1989
Marc Yuan Wen Zai, by Joseph Fan Zhong-Liang 31.07.1989
Michael Huang Woze, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 31.07.1989
Joseph Xu Zhixian, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 30.08.1989
Simon An Shi'en, by Peter Liu Guandong 31.08.1989
John Baptist Liang Xisheng, by Anthony Yang Shao-huai 11.09.1989
Stephen Liu Difen, by N. N. 03.10.1989
(?) Simon Zhang Jiumu, by Peter Liu Guandong 03.10.1989
(?) Philip Peter Zhao Zhendong, by Peter Liu Guandong 08.10.1989
Joseph Hou Guoyang, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan 28.10.1989
Joseph Hou Jin-de, by Peter Chen Bolu 14.11.1989
John Han Dingxiang, by Peter Liu Guandong 12.12.1989
Matthias Yu Chengxin, by Paul Li Zhenrong 13.01.1990
Thomas Zeng Jingmu, by James Xie Shiguang 06.05.1990
James Ping Leung Lin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 08.05.1990
(?) Francis Zhang Feng-zao, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 08.07.1990
Thaddeus Guo Yingong, by Benedict Zhangxin 08.07.1990
Bonaventure Luo Jun, by Benedict Zhangxin 26.08.1990
Louis Liu Huanbo, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 28.10.1990
Francis Xavier Guo Zhengji, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 28.10.1990
Andrew Zhu Wenyu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 00.11.1989
John Baptist Wang Ruohan, by Paul Li Zhenrong 00.00.1991
Shi Shoujing, by N. N. 22.02.1991
Joseph Su Yuanmo, sub conditione by Francis Han Tingbi 24.02.1991
Joseph Zhen Changcheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 05.05.1991
Michael Xie Chaogang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 08.05.1991
Nicholas Shi Jingxian, by Anthony Li Duan 04.09.1991
John Huo Cheng, by Benedict Zhangxin 11.09.1991
Matthew Gu Zheng, by Li Zhenrong 17.11.1991
Joseph Wang Zhenye, by Anthony Li Duan 25.11.1991
Paul Xie Tingzhe, by Lucas Li Jingfeng 27.11.1991
Joseph Zhang Weizhu, by John Wang Ruohan 08.12.1991
Matthew Pan Deshi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 24.02.1992
Michael Liu Xianru, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 14.05.1992
John Zhang Qingtian, by Peter Liu Guandong 27.05.1992
Joseph Shi Hongzhen, sub conditione by N. N. 04.10.1992
James David Lin Xili, by Michael Xiao Liren 15.03.1993
Joseph Jin Dechen, sub conditione by Peter Zhang Boren 18.03.1993
Peter Hou Jingwen, by John Liu Dinghan 02.05.1993
Francis An Shuxin, by Peter Liu Guandong 02.05.1993
James Su Zhimin, by Peter Liu Guandong 14.05.1993
Paul Lo Bei Zhan, by Matthew Duan Yinmin 18.05.1993
Thomas Zhao Feng Wu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 01.08.1993
John Baptist Liu Jingshan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 03.09.1993
John Gao Kexian, by Joseph Li Bingyao (?) 21.09.1993
Matthew Luo Duxi, by John Chen Shizhong 07.11.1993
Stanislaus Han Daoyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 03.12.1993
Benedict Cai Xiufeng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 07.12.1993
Joseph Liu Yuanren, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 19.03.1994
Francis Tong Hui, by Anthony Li Duan 11.04.1994
(?) Lu Zhiyuan, by N. N. 18.12.1994
Sylvester Liu Jiantang, by Benedict Zhangxin 19.03.1995
Joseph Chen Xu, by Andrew Anicetus Wang Chong Yi 19.03.1995
Joseph Zhu Baoyu, by Joseph Jin Dechen 22.06.1995
Joseph Wei Jingyi, by Paul Guo Wenzhi 12.10.1995
John Liu Shingong, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan 17.12.1995
Alphonse Yang Guang Yan, by Anthony Li Duan 06.01.1996
Peter Zhang Zhiyong, by Lucas Li Jingfeng 16.04.1996
Nicholas Han Jide, by Philip Ma Qi 14.05.1996
Josaphat Li Hongguang, by Augustin Zheng Shouduo 28.10.1996
Matthew Chen Xilu, by Peter Fan Wenxing 30.10.1996
(?) Stephen Yang Xiangtai, by Peter Chen Bolu (?) 08.12.1996
Joseph Wang Dianduo, by Nicholas Shi Jingxian 19.03.1997
John Chen Cangbao, by Shi Enxiang 07.05.1997
John Bai Ningxian, by Joseph Zhong Huaide 2...07.1997
John Fang Xing Yao, by Thomas Zhao Feng Wu 24.06.1997
John Baptist Wang Xi Xian, by Anthony Li Duan 13.07.1997
Peter Lin Jiashan, by John Yang Shudao 28.01.1998
Ermenegildus Li Yi, by Anthony Li Weidao 13.06.1998
Anthony Zhong Changfeng, by John Baptist Liang Xicheng 09.05.1999
Damase Zhang Hanmin, by Pius Jin Peixian 14.09.1999
John Baptist Wang Jin, by Sylvester Li Jiantang 28.12.1999
Zhang Tongli, by N. N. 06.01.2000
Peter Fang Jianping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren 06.01.2000
Andrew Jin Daoyuan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren 06.01.2000
Francis Xavier Lu Zinping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren 06.01.2000
John Baptist Su Changshan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren 06.01.2000
Vincent Zhan Silu, by Joseph Liu Yuanren 20.03.2000
Joseph Li Lian Gui, by John Liu Dinghan 07.05.2000
Joseph Zhao Fengchang, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng 14.05.2000
Michael He Jinmin, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng 14.05.2000
Matthew Hu Xiande, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng 25.06.2000
Matthew Cao Xiangde, by Yu Cheng-cai 08.08.2000
Joseph Jiang Mingyuan, by Raymund Wang Chong Lin 13.08.2000
Joseph Li Mingshu, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng 28.11.2000
John Chrisostome Lan Shi, by Lawrence Zhang Wenbin 10.12.2000
John Baptist Ye Ronghua, by Anthony Li Duan 19.02.2002
Leo Yao Liang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi 08.03.2002
Paul Wang Huiyao, by Alphonse Yang Guangyan 12.11.2002
Joseph Tong Changping, by Lawrence Zhang Wengbin 05.01.2003
Joseph Han Zhihai, by Paul Xie Tingzhe 21.01.2003
John Baptist Tan Yanquan, by Pius Jin Peixian 26.09.2003
Joseph Liao Hongqing, by Bernardine Dong Guangqing 14.10.2003
Peter Mao Qingfu, by Peter Li Hongye 14.10.2003
Placidus Pei Ronggui, by Peter Li Hongye 00.00.2004
Joseph Shi Shuang-xi, by N. N. 06.01.2004
Peter Feng Xinmao, by Liu Ding-han 08.02.2004
Paul Ma Cunguo, by Bonaventure Luo Juan 17.02.2004
Thomas Zhao Kexun, by Joseph Wei Jingyi 29.04.2004
Joseph Zhang Xianwang, by James Zhao Zi-ping 07.05.2004
Matthias Du Jiang, by John Liu Shingong 05.07.2004
Paul Ji Zengwei, by Augustine Hu Daguo 19.11.2004
Paul Su Yongda, by John Fang Xing Yao 00.00.2005
Paul Dong Guanhua, by N. N. 01.01.2005
Joseph Gao Hongxiao, by Liang Xisheng 28.06.2005
Joseph Xing Wenzhi, by Aloysius Jin Luxian 26.07.2005
Anthony Dang Mingyan, by Anthony Li Du'an 18.10.2005
Paul He Zeqing, by Joseph Xu Zixhuan 19.10.2005
Joseph Wu Qinjing, by Anthony Li Duan 20.04.2006
Joseph Xu Honggen, by John Fang Xing Yao 30.04.2006
Joseph Ma Yinglin, by Bernardine Dong Guang-qing 03.05.2006
Joseph Liu Xinhong, by John Wu Shizhen 07.05.2006
Paul Pei Junmin, by Pius Jin Peixian 18.09.2006
Peter Zhuang Jianjian, by N. N. 30.11.2006
John Wang Renlei, by Joseph Zhao Fengchang 08.09.2007
Paul Xiao Zejiang, by Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi 21.09.2007
Joseph Li Shan, by John Fang Xing Yao 10.11.2007
Peter Shao Zumin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng 30.11.2007
Francis Lu Shouwang, by Louis Yu Runshen 04.12.2007
Joseph Gan Junqiu, by John Fang Xing Yao 14.12.2007
Peter Jin Lugang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi 21.12.2007
Joseph Li Jing, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan 28.12.2008
Vincent Guo Xijin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng 10.01.2009
Vincent Zhu Weifang, by Joseph Gao Hongxiao 18.04.2010
Paul Meng Qinglu, by Paul Pei Junmin 21.04.2010
Joseph Shen Bin, by John Fang Xin Yao 08.05.2010
Joseph Cai Bingrui, by John Fang Xin Yao 24.06.2010
Joseph Han Yingjin, by Joseph Tsong Huaide 10.07.2010
Anthony Xu Jiwei, by Joseph Li Ming Shu 15.07.2010
John Baptist Yang Xiaoting, by Louis Yu Runshen 16.09.2010
Paul Meng Ningyu, by Sylvester Li Jiantang 21.09.2010
Peter Wu Junwei, by John Huo Cheng 31.10.2010
John Baptist Li Sugong, by Joseph Li Shan 15.11.2010
Joseph Yang Yongqiang, by John Fang Xing Yao 20.11.2010
Joseph Guo Jincai, by Peter Fang Jianping 00.00.2011
John Wang Ruowang, by N. N. 30.03.2011
Paul Liang Jiansen, by Joseph Gan Junqiu 20.05.2011
John Lu Peisan, by John Fang Xingyao 21.06.2011
Joseph Sun Jigen, by Stephen Yang Xiangtai 29.06.2011
Paul Lei Shiyin, by John Fang Xinyao 14.07.2011
Joseph Huang Binzhang, by John Fang Xingyao 30.11.2011
Peter Luo Xuegang, by John Chen Shi-zhong 19.04.2012
Joseph Chen Gong'ao, by Peter Fang Jianping 25.04.2012
Method Qu Ailin, by Joseph Li Shan 06.07.2012
Joseph Yue Fusheng, by John Fang Xingyao (?) 07.07.2012
Thaddeus Ma Daquin, by Aloysius Jin Luxian 07.04.2013
Auguste Cui Tai, by N. N. 13.02.2014
Peter Li Huiyuan, by N. N. 10.04.2014
John Pei Weizhao, by N. N. 04.08.2015
Joseph Zhang Yinlin, by Thomas Zhang Huaixin 10.11.2016
Peter Ding Lingbin, by Joseph Li Shan 30.11.2016
Joseph Tang Yuange, by John Fang Xingyao 30.11.2016
John Wang Xiaoxun, by John Baptist Yang Xiaoting 02.12.2016
John Lei Jiapei, by John Fang Xingyao In this survey or in other places of this website there is no difference made regarding obediences or legitimities, for in most cases bishops were not able to make a choice between papal or patriotic direction. Patriotic dioceses and offices were allocated to the official Vatican jurisdictions. Therefore also after 1958 you will find archbishops, but also two or even three bishops for one diocese simultaneously. This is bound to the times' special circumstances. On
September 22, 2018, the Holy See, represented by Mons. Antoine Camilleri,
Undersecretary for the Relations with States, and Mr. Wang Chao, Deputy Minister
for Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, signed a "Provisional
Agrrement" on the appointment of bishops without publishing the text. This
treaty, criticized even before by parts of the underground church as well as by
Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun of Hong Kong, decrees the formal erection of Chengde
Diocese, which since 2010 has been run by regime attached bishop Joseph Guo
Jingcai, as well as the Roman acknowledgement of this prelate and of the other
up to now illegitimate and excommunicated Bishops Joseph Huang Bingzhang, Paul
Lei Shiyin, Joseph Liu Xinhong, Joseph Ma Yinglin, Joseph Yue Fusheng and
Vincent Zhan Silu and posthumous of 2017 deceased Anthony Tu Shihua. A special thank to Mr Andreas Brender, M. A., Kirchzarten, who's website www.brender.eu was of special meaning for this survey, as well as to Fr. Jean Charbonnier, M. E. P., and to his compendium Guide To The Catholic Church in China, Singapore 2014. The photos are from the author's archive; copyrights were not ascertainable. Details to other countries:
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